The Head |
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Scalp/eyelid |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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occipitofrontalis |
2 occipital bellies and 2 frontal bellies. |
galea aponeurotica |
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facial nerve |
raises the eyebrows |
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occipitalis |
superior nuchal line of the occipital bone |
galea aponeurotica |
occipital artery |
posterior auricular nerve (facial nerve) |
wrinkles eyebrow |
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mastoid part of the temporal bone |
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frontalis |
galea aponeurotica |
skin above the eyebrows |
ophthalmic artery |
facial nerve |
wrinkles eyebrow |
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orbicularis oculi |
frontal bone; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone |
lateral palpebral raphe |
ophthalmic, zygomatico-orbital, angular |
zygomatic branch of facial nerve and temporal branch of facial nerve |
closes eyelids |
levator palpebrae superioris |
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corrugator supercilii |
superciliary arches |
forehead skin, near eyebrow |
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facial nerve |
wrinkles forehead |
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depressor supercilii |
Medial orbital rim |
Medial aspect of bony orbit |
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facial nerve |
Depression of eyebrow |
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Extraocular |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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levator palpebrae superioris |
sphenoid bone |
tarsal plate, upper eyelid |
ophthalmic artery |
oculomotor nerve |
retracts//elevates eyelid |
orbicularis oculi muscle |
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superior tarsal |
underside of levator palpebrae superioris |
superior tarsal plate of the eyelid |
ophthalmic artery |
sympathetic nervous system |
raise the upper eyelid |
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Rectus superior |
annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex |
7.5 mm superior to the corneal limbus |
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oculomotor nerve |
elevates, adducts, and rotates medially the eye |
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Rectus inferior |
annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex |
6.5 mm inferior to the corneal limbus |
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inferior branch of oculomotor nerve |
depression and adduction |
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Rectus medial |
annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex |
5.5 mm medial to the corneal limbus |
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inferior division of the oculomotor nerve |
adducts the eyeball |
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Rectus lateral |
annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex |
7 mm temporal to the corneal limbus |
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abducens nerve |
abducts the eyeball |
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Oblique superior |
annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex, medial to optic canal |
Outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball |
lateral muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery |
trochlear nerve |
primary: intorsion. secondary:abduct (laterally rotate) and depress the eyeball |
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Oblique inferior |
orbital surface of the maxilla, lateral to the lacrimal groove |
laterally onto the eyeball, deep to the lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon |
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oculomotor nerve |
extorsion, elevation, abduction |
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Intraocular |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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ciliary |
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oculomotor nerve (parasympathetics) |
accommodation |
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iris dilator |
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superior cervical ganglion (sympathetics) |
pupil dilation |
iris sphincter muscle |
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iris sphincter |
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short ciliary nerves |
constricts pupil |
iris dilator muscle |
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Ear |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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auriculares |
galeal aponeurosis |
front of the helix, cranial surface of the pinna |
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facial nerve |
(Wiggle ears) |
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temporoparietalis |
Auriculares muscles |
galea aponeurotica |
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stapedius |
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neck of stapes |
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facial nerve |
control the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear |
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tensor tympani |
Eustachian tube |
handle of the malleus |
superior tympanic artery |
medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve |
tensing the tympanic membrane |
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Nose |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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procerus |
From fascia over the lower of the nasal bone |
skin of the lower part of the forehead between the eyebrows |
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Temporal and Lower Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, (a Buccal branch has also been described) |
Draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow giving expressions of frowning |
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nasalis |
Maxilla |
Nasal bone |
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Buccal branch of the facial nerve |
Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils |
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dilatator naris |
margin of the nasal notch of the maxilla, greater and lesser alar cartilages |
skin near the margin of the nostril |
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Buccal branch of the facial nerve |
Dilation of nostrils |
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depressor septi nasi |
incisive fossa of the maxilla |
nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle |
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Buccal branch of the facial nerve |
Depression of nasal septum |
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levator labii superioris alaeque nasi |
maxilla |
nostril and upper lip |
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buccal branch of the facial nerve |
dilates the nostril; elevates the upper lip and wing of the nose |
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Mouth |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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levator anguli oris |
maxilla |
modiolus of mouth |
facial artery |
facial nerve |
smile (elevates angle of mouth) |
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depressor anguli oris |
tubercle of mandible |
modiolus of mouth |
facial artery |
mandibular branch of facial nerve |
depresses angle of mouth |
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levator labii superioris |
Medial infra-orbital margin |
Skin and muscle of the upper lip (labii superioris) |
facial artery |
buccal branch of the facial nerve |
Elevates the upper lip |
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depressor labii inferioris |
oblique line of the mandible, between the symphysis and the mental foramen |
integument of the lower lip, Orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of the opposite side |
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facial nerve |
depress the lower lip |
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Zygomaticus major |
anterior of zygomatic |
modiolus of mouth |
facial artery |
buccal branch of the facial nerve |
draws angle of mouth upward and laterally |
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Zygomaticus minor |
zygomatic bone |
skin of the upper lip |
facial artery |
facial nerve, buccal branch |
elevates upper lip |
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mentalis |
anterior mandible |
chin |
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mandibular branch of facial nerve |
elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip |
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buccinator |
alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe |
in the fibres of the orbicularis oris |
buccal artery |
buccal branch of the facial nerve |
compress the cheeks against the teeth (blowing), mastication. |
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orbicularis oris |
Maxilla and mandible |
Skin around the lips |
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buccal branch of the facial nerve |
pucker the lips |
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risorius |
parotid fascia |
modiolus |
facial artery |
Buccal branch of the facial nerve |
draw back angle of mouth |
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Mastication |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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masseter |
zygomatic arch and maxilla |
coronoid process and ramus of mandible |
masseteric artery |
masseteric nerve (V3) |
elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and retraction of mandible |
Platysma muscle |
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temporalis |
temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull |
coronoid process of the mandible |
deep temporal |
third branch (mandibular nerve) of the trigeminal nerve |
elevation and retraction of mandible |
Platysma muscle |
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Pterygoid lateral |
Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate |
Condyle of mandible |
pterygoid branches of maxillary artery |
external pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve |
depresses mandible |
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Pterygoid medial |
deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth |
medial angle of the mandible |
pterygoid branches of maxillary artery |
mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid |
elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side |
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superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity |
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Tongue |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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genioglossus |
Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) |
Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid |
Lingual artery |
hypoglossal nerve |
Complex - Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down |
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hyoglossus |
hyoid |
side of the tongue |
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hypoglossal nerve |
depresses tongue |
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chondroglossus |
lesser cornu and body of the hyoid bone |
intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue |
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hypoglossal nerve |
depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus) |
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styloglossus |
Styloid process of temporal bone |
tongue |
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Hypoglossal nerve |
elevates and retracts tongue |
inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus |
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superior longitudinal |
close to the epiglottis, from the median fibrous septum |
edges of the tongue |
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hypoglossal nerve |
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transversus |
median fibrous septum |
sides of the tongue |
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hypoglossal nerve |
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inferior longitudinal |
root of the tongue |
apex of the tongue |
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Hypoglossal nerve |
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Soft palate |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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levator veli palatini |
temporal bone, Eustachian tube |
palatine aponeurosis |
facial artery |
vagus nerve |
elevates soft palate |
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tensor veli palatini |
medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone |
palatine aponeurosis |
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medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve |
tension of the soft palate |
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musculus uvulae |
hard palate |
palatine aponeurosis |
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pharyngeal plexus |
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palatoglossus |
palatine aponeurosis |
tongue |
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vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve |
raising the back part of the tongue |
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palatopharyngeus |
palatine aponeurosis and hard palate |
Upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers) |
Facial artery |
vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve |
pulls pharynx and larynx |
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Pharynx |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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Pharyngeal constrictor inferior |
cricoid and thyroid cartilage |
pharyngeal raphe |
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external laryngeal branch of the vagus |
Swallowing |
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Pharyngeal constrictor middle |
hyoid bone |
pharyngeal raphe |
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Vagus nerve |
Swallowing |
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Pharyngeal constrictor superior |
medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process |
pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle |
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Vagus nerve |
Swallowing |
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stylopharyngeus |
Styloid process (temporal) |
thyroid cartilage (pharynx) |
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glossopharyngeal nerve |
elevate the larynx, elevate the pharynx, swallowing |
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salpingopharyngeus |
cartilage of the Eustachian tube |
posterior fasciculus of the pharyngopalatinus muscle |
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vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve |
raise the nasopharynx |
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Larynx |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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cricothyroid |
Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage |
Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage |
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external laryngeal branch of the vagus |
tension and elongation of the vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) |
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Cricoarytenoid posterior |
posterior part of the cricoid |
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage |
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recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus |
abducts and laterally rotates the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments away from the midline and forward and so opening the rima glottidis |
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle |
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Cricoarytenoid lateral |
lateral part of the arch of the cricoid |
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage |
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recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus |
adduct and medially rotate the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments towards the midline and backwards and so closing off the rima glottidis |
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arytenoid |
Arytenoid cartilage on one side |
Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side |
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recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus |
approximate the arytenoid cartilages (close rima glottidis) |
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thyroarytenoid |
Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage (anterior aspect) |
Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage |
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recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus |
thickens the vocal folds and decreases length; also helps helps to adduct the vocal folds during speech |
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The Neck |
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Cervical |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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platysma |
inferior clavicle and fascia of chest |
mandible |
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cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) |
Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck superiorly when teeth are clenched |
Masseter, Temporalis |
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sternocleidomastoid |
manubrium sterni, medial portion of the clavicle |
mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line |
occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery |
motor: accessory nerve |
Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side. |
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sensory: cervical plexus |
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Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration. |
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Suprahyoid |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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digastric |
anterior belly - digastric fossa (mandible); posterior belly - mastoid process of temporal bone |
Intermediate tendon (hyoid bone) |
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anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve (CN VII) |
Opens the jaw when the masseter and the temporalis are relaxed. |
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stylohyoid |
styloid process (temporal) |
greater cornu of hyoid bone |
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facial nerve (CN VII) |
Elevate the hyoid during swallowing |
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mylohyoid |
Mylohyoid line (mandible) |
Median raphé |
mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery |
mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3] |
Raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible |
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geniohyoid |
Symphysis menti |
hyoid bone |
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C1 via hypoglossal nerve |
carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition |
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Infrahyoid/Strap |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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sternohyoid |
manubrium of sternum |
hyoid bone |
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ansa cervicalis |
depress hyoid bone |
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sternothyroid |
manubrium |
thyroid cartilage |
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Ansa cervicalis |
Elevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoid bone |
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thyrohyoid |
thyroid cartilage |
hyoid bone |
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first cervical nerve |
depress hyoid bone |
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omohyoid |
Upper border of the scapula |
Hyoid bone |
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Ansa cervicalis |
Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Carries hyoid bone backward and to the side |
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Vertebral Anterior |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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longus colli |
Transverse processes of C-3 - C-6 |
Inferior surface of the occipital bone |
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C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 |
Flexes the neck and head |
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longus capitis |
anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae |
basilar part of the occipital bone |
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C1, C2, C3/C4 |
flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint |
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rectus capitis anterior |
atlas |
occipital bone |
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C1 |
flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint |
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rectus capitis lateralis |
upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas |
under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone |
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C1 |
Sidebend at atlanto-occipital joint |
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Vertebral Lateral |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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scalene |
cervical vertebrae (C2-C7) |
first and second ribs |
Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery) |
cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 |
elevation of ribs I&II |
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scalene anterior |
C3-C6 |
first rib |
Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery) |
ventral ramus of C5, C6 |
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scalene medius |
C2-C6 |
first rib |
Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery) |
Ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves |
Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side |
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scalene posterior |
transverse processes of C4 - C6 |
2nd rib |
Ascending cervical artery, superficial cervical artery |
C6, C7, C8 |
Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side |
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Muscles of torso |
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Back |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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splenius capitis |
Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T6 |
Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone |
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C3, C4 |
Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head |
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splenius cervicis |
spinous processes of T3-T6 |
transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 |
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C5, C6 |
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erector spinae |
on the spines of the last four thoracic vertebræ |
both the spines of the most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae |
lateral sacral artery |
posterior branch of spinal nerve |
extends the vertebral column |
Rectus abdominis muscle |
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iliocostalis |
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lateral sacral artery |
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longissimus |
transverse process |
transverse process |
lateral sacral artery |
posterior branch of spinal nerve |
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Rectus abdominis muscle |
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spinalis |
spinous process |
spinous process |
lateral sacral artery |
posterior branch of spinal nerve |
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Rectus abdominis muscle |
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latissimus dorsi |
spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs |
floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus |
subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery |
thoracodorsal nerve |
pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally |
deltoid, trapezius |
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transversospinales |
transverse process |
spinous process |
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posterior branches |
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semispinalis dorsi |
transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ |
spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae |
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semispinalis cervicis |
transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ |
cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth |
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Semispinalis capitis |
Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna |
Area between superior and inferior nuchal line |
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Greater occipital nerve |
Extend the head |
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multifidus |
Sacrum, Erector spinae Aponeurosis, PSIS, and Iliac crest |
spinous process |
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Posterior branches |
Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column |
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rotatores |
transverse process |
spinous process |
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posterior branch |
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interspinales |
Spinous process |
Spinous process |
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Posterior rami of spinal nerves |
Extension, flexion and rotation of vertebral column. |
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intertransversarii |
Transverse process |
Transverse process above |
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Anterior rami of spinal nerves |
Lateral flexion of trunk |
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Suboccipital |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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Rectus capitis posterior major |
Spinous process of the axis (C2) |
Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone |
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Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) |
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Rectus capitis posterior minor |
the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas |
the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum |
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a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve |
extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle |
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obliquus capitis inferior |
spinous process of the axis |
lateral mass of atlas |
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suboccipital nerve |
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obliquus capitis superior |
lateral mass of atlas |
lateral half of the inferior nuchal line |
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suboccipital nerve |
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Chest |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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intercostales |
ribs 1-11 |
ribs 2-12 |
intercostal arteries |
intercostal nerves |
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intercostales external |
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intercostal arteries |
intercostal nerves |
Inhalation |
internal |
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intercostales internal |
rib - inferior border |
rib - superior border |
intercostal arteries |
intercostal nerves |
hold ribs steady |
external |
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intercostales innermost |
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intercostal arteries |
intercostal nerves |
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subcostales |
inner surface of one rib |
inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle |
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intercostal nerves |
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transversus thoracis |
costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process |
ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 |
intercostal arteries |
intercostal nerves |
depresses ribs |
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levatores costarum |
Transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae |
Superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae |
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dorsal rami - C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 |
Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage |
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serratus anterior inferior |
vertebrae T11 - L3 |
the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs |
intercostal arteries |
intercostal nerves |
depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration |
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serratus anterior superior |
nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7 through T3 |
the upper borders of the 2nd through 5th ribs |
intercostal arteries |
2nd through 5th intercostal nerves |
elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration |
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diaphragm |
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Pericardiacophrenic artery, Musculophrenic artery, Inferior phrenic arteries |
phrenic and lower intercostal nerves |
respiration |
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Abdomen |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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external oblique |
Lower 8 costae |
Crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale |
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intercostal nerves T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12) |
Rotates torso |
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internal oblique |
Inguinal ligament, Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia |
Linea alba, Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. |
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intercostal nerves T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve |
Compresses abdomen and rotates vertebral column. |
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transversus abdominis |
ribs and the iliac crest |
inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis |
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intercostal nerves T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve |
compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability |
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rectus abdominis |
pubis |
Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum |
inferior epigastric artery |
segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12) |
flexion of trunk/lumbar vertebrae |
Erector spinae |
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pyramidalis |
pubic symphysis and pubic crest |
linea alba |
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Subcostal nerve (T12) |
tensing the linea alba |
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cremaster |
inguinal ligament |
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Cremasteric artery |
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve |
raise and lower the scrotum |
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quadratus lumborum |
iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament |
Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae |
Lumbar arteries, Iliolumbar artery |
Anterior branches of T12, L1, L2, L3, L4 |
Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage |
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Pelvis |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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levator ani iliococcygeus |
ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia |
coccyx and anococcygeal raphe |
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levator ani nerve (S4) inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus |
supports the viscera in pelvic cavity |
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levator ani pubococcygeus |
back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia |
coccyx and sacrum |
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levator ani nerve (S4) inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus |
controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm |
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puborectalis |
lower part of the pubic symphysis |
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S3, S4. levator ani nerve |
inhibit defecation |
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coccygeus |
Sacrospinous ligament |
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sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4 |
closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis |
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Perineum |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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sphincter ani externus |
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S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve |
keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces |
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sphincter ani internus |
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pudendal nerve |
keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces |
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superficial perineal pouch: transversus perinei superficialis |
anterior part of ischial tuberosity |
central point of perineum |
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pudendal nerve |
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superficial perineal pouch: bulbospongiosus |
Median raphé |
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Perineal artery |
pudendal nerve |
in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina |
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superficial perineal pouch: ischiocavernosus |
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Perineal artery |
pudendal nerve |
assists the bulbospongiosus muscle |
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deep perineal pouch: transversus perinei profundus |
inferior rami of the ischium |
its fellow of the opposite side |
pudendal nerve |
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deep perineal pouch: sphincter urethrae membranaceae |
junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm., and from the neighboring fasciæ |
its fellow of the opposite side |
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perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) |
Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence |
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Muscles of upper limbs |
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Vertebral column |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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trapezius |
down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the medial part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12 |
at the shoulders, into the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process and into the spine of the scapula |
transverse cervical artery |
major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle |
Descending (superior) part elevates; ascending (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly |
Serratus anterior muscle |
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latissimus dorsi |
spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs |
floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus |
subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery |
thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8) |
pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally |
deltoid, trapezius |
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rhomboid major |
spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae |
medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle |
dorsal scapular artery |
dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) |
Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. |
Serratus anterior muscle |
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rhomboid minor |
nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae |
medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle |
dorsal scapular artery |
dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) |
Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. |
Serratus anterior muscle |
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levator scapulae |
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae |
Superior part of medial border of scapula |
dorsal scapular artery |
cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) |
Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula |
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Thoracic walls |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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pectoralis major |
anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages |
intertubercular groove of the humerus |
pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk |
lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve.
Clavicular head: C5 and C6.
Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 |
Clavicular head: flexes the humerus.
Sternocostal head: extends the humerus.
As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. |
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pectoralis minor |
3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages |
medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula |
Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk |
Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1) |
stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall |
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subclavius |
first rib |
subclavian groove of clavicle |
thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch |
nerve to subclavius |
depression of clavicle |
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serratus anterior |
fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs |
costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula |
lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) |
long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7) |
protract and stabilize scapula, assists in upward rotation |
Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Trapezius |
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Shoulder |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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deltoid |
clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula |
deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery |
Axillary nerve |
shoulder abduction, flexion and extension |
Latissimus dorsi |
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teres major |
posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula |
medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus |
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) |
Internal rotation of the humerus |
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Rotator cuff: supraspinatus |
supraspinous fossa of scapula |
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus |
suprascapular artery |
suprascapular nerve |
abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus |
infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi |
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Rotator cuff: infraspinatus |
infraspinous fossa of the scapula |
middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus |
suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
suprascapular nerve |
Lateral rotation of arm & Adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus |
subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi |
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Rotator cuff: teres minor |
lateral border of the scapula |
inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus |
posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery |
axillary nerve |
laterally rotates and adducts the arm |
subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi |
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Rotator cuff: subscapularis |
subscapular fossa |
lesser tubercle of humerus |
subscapular artery |
upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) |
rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder |
infraspinatus and teres minor |
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Arm: Anterior compartment |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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coracobrachialis |
coracoid process of scapula |
medial humerus |
brachial artery |
musculocutaneous nerve |
flexes & adducts humerus |
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biceps brachii |
short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle |
radial tuberosity |
brachial artery |
Musculocutaneous nerve (Lateral cord: C5, C6, C7) |
flexes elbow and supinates forearm |
Triceps brachii muscle |
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brachialis |
anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone |
coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna |
radial recurrent artery |
musculocutaneous nerve |
flexion at elbow joint |
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Arm: Posterior compartment |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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triceps brachii |
long head: scapula
lateral head: posterior humerus
medial head: posterior humerus |
olecranon process of ulna |
Profunda brachii |
radial nerve |
extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder |
Biceps brachii muscle |
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anconeus |
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna |
Profunda brachii, recurrent interosseous artery |
radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1) |
partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. Stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation. |
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Forearm: Anterior compartment, superficial |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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pronator teres |
humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon).
ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna |
radius |
ulnar artery and radial artery |
median nerve |
pronation of forearm, flexes elbow |
Supinator muscle |
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flexor carpi radialis |
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) |
Bases of second and third metacarpal bones |
ulnar artery |
Median nerve |
Flexion and abduction at wrist |
Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle |
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palmaris longus |
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) |
palmar aponeurosis |
ulnar artery |
median nerve |
wrist flexor |
Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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flexor carpi ulnaris |
medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) |
pisiform |
ulnar artery |
muscular branches of ulnar nerve |
flexion and adduction of wrist |
Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle |
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flexor digitorum superficialis |
medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), as well as parts of the radius and ulna. |
phalanges |
ulnar artery |
median nerve |
flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) |
Extensor digitorum muscle |
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Forearm: Anterior compartment, deep |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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pronator quadratus |
medial, anterior surface of the ulna |
lateral, anterior surface of the radius |
anterior interosseous artery |
median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) |
pronates the forearm |
Supinator muscle |
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flexor digitorum profundus |
ulna |
distal phalanges |
anterior interosseous artery |
median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar |
flex hand, interphalangeal joints |
Extensor digitorum muscle |
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flexor pollicis longus |
The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.) |
The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb |
Anterior interosseous artery |
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1) |
Flexion of the thumb |
Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle |
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Forearm: Posterior compartment, superficial |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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brachioradialis |
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus |
Distal radius (Radial styloid process) |
radial recurrent artery |
radial nerve |
Flexion of forearm |
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extensor carpi radialis longus |
lateral supracondylar ridge |
2nd metacarpal |
radial artery |
radial nerve |
extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist |
Flexor carpi radialis muscle |
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extensor carpi radialis brevis |
humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) |
base of the 3rd metacarpal |
radial artery |
deep branch of the radial nerve |
extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint |
Flexor carpi radialis muscle |
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extensor digitorum |
lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) |
2nd through 5th phalanges |
interosseous recurrent artery and posterior interosseous artery |
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
extension of hand and fingers |
Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, Flexor digitorum profundus muscle |
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extensor digiti minimi |
the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon) |
extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side |
posterior interosseous artery which originates from the common interosseous artery and more proximally, the ulnar artery |
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
extends the little finger at all joints |
Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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extensor carpi ulnaris |
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna |
5th metacarpal |
ulnar artery |
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
extends and adducts the wrist |
Flexor carpi ulnaris |
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Forearm: Posterior compartment, deep |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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supinator |
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament |
Lateral proximal radial shaft |
radial recurrent artery |
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
supinates forearm |
Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus |
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abductor pollicis longus |
ulna, radial styloid process |
first metacarpal |
posterior interosseous artery |
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
abduction, extension of thumb |
Adductor pollicis muscle |
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extensor pollicis brevis |
radius |
thumb, proximal phalanx |
posterior interosseous artery |
posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint |
Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle |
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extensor pollicis longus |
ulna |
thumb, distal phalanx |
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posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal) |
Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle |
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extensor indicis |
ulna |
index finger (extensor hood) |
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posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) |
extends index finger, wrist |
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Hand: Lateral volar, thenar |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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opponens pollicis |
trapezium and transverse carpal ligament |
metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side |
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median nerve |
Opposition of the thumb |
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flexor pollicis brevis |
trapezoid, flexor retinaculum |
thumb, proximal phalanx |
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median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) |
Flexion of thumb |
Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle |
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abductor pollicis brevis |
Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium |
Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors |
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Median nerve |
Abduction of thumb |
Adductor pollicis muscle |
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adductor pollicis |
Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal.
Oblique head: bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones |
medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid |
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deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) |
adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint |
Abductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle |
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Hand: Medial volar, hypothenar |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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palmaris brevis |
flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis |
palm |
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superficial branch of ulnar nerve |
wrinkle skin of palm |
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abductor digiti minimi |
pisiform |
base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side |
ulnar artery |
deep branch of ulnar nerve |
Abduction of little finger |
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flexor digiti minimi brevis |
hamate bone |
little finger |
ulnar artery |
deep branch of ulnar nerve |
flexes little finger |
Extensor digiti minimi muscle |
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opponens digiti minimi |
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum |
Medial border of 5th metacarpal |
ulnar artery |
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) |
Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb |
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Hand: Intermediate |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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lumbrical |
flexor digitorum profundus |
extensor expansion |
superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery |
deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve |
flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints |
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dorsal interossei |
metacarpals |
proximal phalanges |
Dorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery |
deep branch of ulnar nerve |
abduct finger |
Palmar interossei muscles |
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palmar interossei |
metacarpals |
proximal phalange |
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deep branch of ulnar nerve |
adduction |
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Muscles of lower limbs |
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Iliac region |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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Iliopsoas |
iliac fossa (iliacus, sacrum (iliacus), spine (T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) & intervertebral discs (psoas major, psoas minor) |
femur - lesser trochanter (psoas major/minor), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus) |
medial femoral circumflex artery, iliolumbar artery |
femoral nerve, Lumbar nerves L1, L2 |
flexion of hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor) |
Gluteus maximus, posterior compartment of thigh |
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Iliopsoas: psoas major |
lower spine |
in the lesser trochanter of the femur |
Iliolumbar artery |
Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3 |
flexes and rotates laterally thigh |
Gluteus maximus |
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Iliopsoas: psoas minor |
Side of T12+L1 and IV Disc between |
Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence |
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L1 |
Weak trunk flexor |
Gluteus maximus |
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Iliopsoas: iliacus |
iliac fossa |
lesser trochanter of femur |
medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery |
femoral nerve (L2, L3) |
flexes and rotates laterally thigh |
Gluteus maximus |
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Buttocks |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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gluteus maximus muscle |
Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament |
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur, iliotibial tract |
superior and inferior gluteal arteries |
inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots) |
external rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting |
Iliacus, Psoas major, Psoas minor |
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gluteus medius muscle |
Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus |
Greater trochanter of the femur |
superior gluteal artery |
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) |
abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh. |
lateral rotator group |
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minimus |
Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius. |
Greater trochanter of the femur |
superior gluteal artery |
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) |
Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh. |
lateral rotator group |
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tensor fasciae latae |
iliac crest |
iliotibial tract |
primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, Superior gluteal artery |
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5) |
Thigh - flexion, medial rotation. Trunk stabilization. |
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lateral rotator group: |
at or below the acetabulum of the ilium |
on or near the greater trochanter of the femur |
Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery |
Obturator nerve, nerve to the Piriformis, nerve to quadratus femoris |
lateral rotation of hip |
Gluteus minimus muscle, Gluteus medius muscle |
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piriformis |
sacrum |
greater trochanter |
Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery |
nerve to the Piriformis (S1 and S2 nerve roots) |
rotate laterally (outward) the thigh |
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obturator externus |
obturator foramen and obturatory membrane |
medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur |
obturator artery |
posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4) |
adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh |
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obturator internus |
Ischiopubic ramus & obturator membrane |
medial aspect of the Greater trochanter |
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Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) |
Abducts & rotates laterally thigh, and stabiliser of the hip during walking |
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inferior gemellus |
Ischial tuberosity |
Obturator internus tendon |
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Nerve to Quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) |
Rotates laterally thigh |
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superior gemellus |
spine of the ischium |
Obturator internus tendon |
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Sacral plexus (S1, S2, S3) |
Rotates laterally thigh |
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quadratus femoris |
Ischial tuberosity |
Intertrochanteric crest |
Inferior gluteal artery |
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, -S1) |
lateral rotation of thigh |
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Thigh: anterior compartment |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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sartorius |
superior to the anterior superior iliac spine |
medial side of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus |
femoral artery |
femoral nerve |
flexion, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg |
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quadriceps femoris |
combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles |
Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament |
femoral artery |
Femoral nerve |
Knee extension; Hip flexion (R.Fem. only) |
Hamstring |
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quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris |
anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum |
Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament |
femoral artery |
femoral nerve |
knee extension; hip flexion |
Hamstring |
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quadriceps femoris: vastus lateralis |
Greater trochanter, Intertrochanteric line, and Linea aspera of the Femur |
Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament |
femoral artery |
femoral nerve |
Extends and stabilizes knee |
Hamstring |
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quadriceps femoris: vastus intermedius |
antero/ lateral femur |
Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament |
femoral artery |
femoral nerve |
extends knee |
Hamstring |
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quadriceps femoris: vastus medialis |
femur |
Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament |
femoral artery |
femoral nerve |
extends knee |
Hamstring |
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articularis genu |
femur |
suprapatellar bursa |
femoral artery |
femoral nerve |
Pulling the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee. |
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Thigh: posterior compartment/hamstring |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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biceps femoris |
tuberosity of the ischium, linea aspera, femur |
the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle |
inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery |
long head: tibial nerve, short head: common peroneal nerve |
flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only) |
Quadriceps muscle |
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semitendinosus |
tuberosity of the ischium |
pes anserinus |
inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries |
sciatic (tibial, L5, S1, S2) |
flex knee, extend hip joint |
Quadriceps muscle |
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semimembranosus |
Ischial tuberosity |
Medial surface of tibia |
profunda femoris, gluteal artery |
sciatic nerve |
Hip extension, Knee flexion |
Quadriceps muscle |
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Thigh: medial compartment |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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gracilis |
ischiopubic ramus |
tibia (pes anserinus) |
medial femoral circumflex artery |
anterior branch of obturator nerve |
flexes hip, knee |
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pectineus |
pubis - superior pubic ramus |
Lesser trochanter, linea aspera |
Obturator artery |
Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve |
Thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation |
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adductor brevis |
anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis |
the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur |
Obturator artery |
obturator nerve |
adduction of hip |
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adductor longus |
pubic body just below the pubic crest |
middle third of linea aspera |
obturator artery |
anterior branch of obturator nerve |
adduction of thigh |
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adductor magnus |
pubis, tuberosity of the ischium |
femur |
Obturator artery |
posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and sciatic nerve (hamstring) |
adduction of hip |
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Leg: anterior compartment |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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tibialis anterior |
body of tibia |
medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot |
anterior tibial artery |
Deep Fibular (peroneal) nerve |
dorsiflex and invert the foot |
Fibularis longus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior |
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extensor hallucis longus |
middle portion of the fibula on the anterior surface and the interosseous membrane |
dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the Hallux |
anterior tibial artery |
peroneal nerve |
Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak invertor |
Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor hallucis brevis |
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extensor digitorum longus |
Lateral Condyle of tibia and superior ¾ of interosseous membrane |
Middle and Distal phalanges of lateral four digits |
anterior tibial artery |
peroneal nerve |
extension of toes and ankle |
Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis |
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fibularis tertius |
distal anterior surface of the fibula |
dorsal surface of metatarsal 5 |
anterior tibial artery |
deep fibular nerve |
dorsi flexes and everts foot |
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Leg: posterior compartment, superficial |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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triceps surae |
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achilles tendon, calcaneus |
posterior tibial artery |
tibial nerve |
plantarflexion |
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gastrocnemius |
femur |
calcaneus |
sural arteries |
tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2 |
plantarflexion, flexion of knee (minor) |
Tibialis anterior muscle |
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soleus |
fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line) |
tendo calcaneus |
sural arteries |
tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 |
plantarflexion |
Tibialis anterior muscle |
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plantaris |
Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius |
Tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon) |
sural arteries |
tibial nerve |
Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee |
Tibialis anterior muscle |
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Leg: posterior compartment, deep |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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popliteus |
middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle |
posterior tibia under the tibial condyles |
popliteal artery |
tibial nerve |
Medial rotation and flexion of knee |
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flexor hallucis longus |
fibula, posterior aspect of upper 1/3 |
base of distal phalanx of hallux |
Peroneal artery (peroneal branch of the posterior tibial artery |
tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots |
flexes all joints of the Hallux, plantar flexion of the ankle joint |
Extensor hallucis longus muscle |
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flexor digitorum longus |
medial tibia |
distal phalanges of lateral four digits |
posterior tibial artery |
Tibial nerve |
Primary action is Flex digits |
Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor digitorum brevis |
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tibialis posterior |
tibia, fibula |
navicular, medial cuneiform |
posterior tibial artery |
tibial nerve |
inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle |
Tibialis anterior muscle |
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Leg: lateral compartment |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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Fibularis longus |
fibula |
first metatarsal, medial cuneiform |
fibular (peroneal) artery |
superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve |
plantarflexion, eversion |
Tibialis anterior muscle |
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Fibularis brevis |
fibula |
fifth metatarsal |
fibular (peroneal) artery |
superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve |
plantarflexion, eversion |
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Foot: dorsal |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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extensor digitorum brevis |
calcaneus |
toes |
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deep peroneal nerve |
extends digits 2, 3, and 4 |
Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis |
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extensor hallucis brevis |
calcaneus |
base of proximal phalanx of hallux |
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deep peroneal nerve |
Extension of hallux |
Flexor hallucis brevis muscle |
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Foot: plantar, 1st layer |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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abductor hallucis |
medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis |
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit |
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plantar nerve |
abducts hallux |
Adductor hallucis muscle |
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flexor digitorum brevis |
medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa |
middle phalanges of digits 2-5 |
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plantar nerve |
flexes lateral four toes |
Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor digitorum brevis |
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abductor digiti minimi |
Plantar aponeurosis |
Fifth toe or Phalanges |
lateral plantar artery |
lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) |
flex and abduct the fifth toe |
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle |
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Foot: plantar, 2nd layer |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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quadratus plantae |
Calcaneus |
Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus |
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lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) |
Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints |
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lumbrical muscle |
tendons of flexor digitorum longus |
medial aspect of extensor expansion over lateral four digits |
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plantar nerve |
flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits |
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Foot: plantar, 3rd layer |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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flexor hallucis brevis |
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medial plantar nerve |
flex hallux |
Extensor hallucis longus muscle |
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adductor hallucis |
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plantar nerve |
adducts hallux |
Abductor hallucis muscle |
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flexor digiti minimi brevis |
fifth metatarsal bone |
phalanx of the fifth toe |
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plantar nerve |
flex and adduct the fifth toe |
Abductor digiti minimi muscle |
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Foot: plantar, 4th layer |
Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Artery |
Nerve |
Action |
Antagonist |
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dorsal interossei |
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plantar nerve |
abduct toes |
Plantar interossei muscles |
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plantar interossei |
metatarsals |
proximal phalanges |
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plantar nerve |
adduct toes |
Dorsal interossei of the foot |
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