List of Muscles

	The head
	The neck
	The torso
	The upper limbs
	The lower limbs

This is an almost complete list of the skeletal muscles of the human body. It is organized by body areas, and it is based on the list found on Wikipadia.

The Head
Scalp/eyelid	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	occipitofrontalis	2 occipital bellies and 2 frontal bellies.	galea aponeurotica		facial nerve	raises the eyebrows
	occipitalis	superior nuchal line of the occipital bone	galea aponeurotica	occipital artery	posterior auricular nerve (facial nerve)	wrinkles eyebrow
		mastoid part of the temporal bone
	frontalis	galea aponeurotica	skin above the eyebrows	ophthalmic artery	facial nerve	wrinkles eyebrow
	orbicularis oculi	frontal bone; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone	lateral palpebral raphe	ophthalmic, zygomatico-orbital, angular	zygomatic branch of facial nerve and temporal branch of facial nerve	closes eyelids	levator palpebrae superioris
	corrugator supercilii	superciliary arches	forehead skin, near eyebrow		facial nerve	wrinkles forehead
	depressor supercilii	Medial orbital rim	Medial aspect of bony orbit		facial nerve	Depression of eyebrow

Extraocular	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	levator palpebrae superioris	sphenoid bone	tarsal plate, upper eyelid	ophthalmic artery	oculomotor nerve	retracts//elevates eyelid	orbicularis oculi muscle
	superior tarsal	underside of levator palpebrae superioris	superior tarsal plate of the eyelid	ophthalmic artery	sympathetic nervous system	raise the upper eyelid
	Rectus superior	annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex	7.5 mm superior to the corneal limbus		oculomotor nerve	elevates, adducts, and rotates medially the eye
	Rectus inferior	annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex	6.5 mm inferior to the corneal limbus		inferior branch of oculomotor nerve	depression and adduction
	Rectus medial	annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex	5.5 mm medial to the corneal limbus		inferior division of the oculomotor nerve	adducts the eyeball
	Rectus lateral	annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex	7 mm temporal to the corneal limbus		abducens nerve	abducts the eyeball
	Oblique superior	annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex, medial to optic canal	Outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball	lateral muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery	trochlear nerve	primary: intorsion. secondary:abduct (laterally rotate) and depress the eyeball
	Oblique inferior	orbital surface of the maxilla, lateral to the lacrimal groove	laterally onto the eyeball, deep to the lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon		oculomotor nerve	extorsion, elevation, abduction

Intraocular	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	ciliary				oculomotor nerve (parasympathetics)	accommodation
	iris dilator				superior cervical ganglion (sympathetics)	pupil dilation	iris sphincter muscle
	iris sphincter				short ciliary nerves	constricts pupil	iris dilator muscle

Ear	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	auriculares	galeal aponeurosis	front of the helix, cranial surface of the pinna		facial nerve	(Wiggle ears)
	temporoparietalis	Auriculares muscles	galea aponeurotica
	stapedius		neck of stapes		facial nerve	control the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear
	tensor tympani	Eustachian tube	handle of the malleus	superior tympanic artery	medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve	tensing the tympanic membrane

Nose	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	procerus	From fascia over the lower of the nasal bone	skin of the lower part of the forehead between the eyebrows		Temporal and Lower Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, (a Buccal branch has also been described)	Draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow giving expressions of frowning
	nasalis	Maxilla	Nasal bone		Buccal branch of the facial nerve	Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
	dilatator naris	margin of the nasal notch of the maxilla, greater and lesser alar cartilages	skin near the margin of the nostril		Buccal branch of the facial nerve	Dilation of nostrils
	depressor septi nasi	incisive fossa of the maxilla	nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle		Buccal branch of the facial nerve	Depression of nasal septum
	levator labii superioris alaeque nasi	maxilla	nostril and upper lip		buccal branch of the facial nerve	dilates the nostril; elevates the upper lip and wing of the nose

Mouth	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	levator anguli oris	maxilla	modiolus of mouth	facial artery	facial nerve	smile (elevates angle of mouth)
	depressor anguli oris	tubercle of mandible	modiolus of mouth	facial artery	mandibular branch of facial nerve	depresses angle of mouth
	levator labii superioris	Medial infra-orbital margin	Skin and muscle of the upper lip (labii superioris)	facial artery	buccal branch of the facial nerve	Elevates the upper lip
	depressor labii inferioris	oblique line of the mandible, between the symphysis and the mental foramen	integument of the lower lip, Orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of the opposite side		facial nerve	depress the lower lip
	Zygomaticus major	anterior of zygomatic	modiolus of mouth	facial artery	buccal branch of the facial nerve	draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
	Zygomaticus minor	zygomatic bone	skin of the upper lip	facial artery	facial nerve, buccal branch	elevates upper lip
	mentalis	anterior mandible	chin		mandibular branch of facial nerve	elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
	buccinator	alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe	in the fibres of the orbicularis oris	buccal artery	buccal branch of the facial nerve	compress the cheeks against the teeth (blowing), mastication.
	orbicularis oris	Maxilla and mandible	Skin around the lips		buccal branch of the facial nerve	pucker the lips
	risorius	parotid fascia	modiolus	facial artery	Buccal branch of the facial nerve	draw back angle of mouth

Mastication	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	masseter	zygomatic arch and maxilla	coronoid process and ramus of mandible	masseteric artery	masseteric nerve (V3)	elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and retraction of mandible	Platysma muscle
	temporalis	temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull	coronoid process of the mandible	deep temporal	third branch (mandibular nerve) of the trigeminal nerve	elevation and retraction of mandible	Platysma muscle
	Pterygoid lateral	Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate	Condyle of mandible	pterygoid branches of maxillary artery	external pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve	depresses mandible
	Pterygoid medial	deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth	medial angle of the mandible	pterygoid branches of maxillary artery	mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid	elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side
		superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity

Tongue	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	genioglossus	Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)	Dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid	Lingual artery	hypoglossal nerve	Complex - Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down
	hyoglossus	hyoid	side of the tongue		hypoglossal nerve	depresses tongue
	chondroglossus	lesser cornu and body of the hyoid bone	intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue		hypoglossal nerve	depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus)
	styloglossus	Styloid process of temporal bone	tongue		Hypoglossal nerve	elevates and retracts tongue	inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus
	superior longitudinal	close to the epiglottis, from the median fibrous septum	edges of the tongue		hypoglossal nerve
	transversus	median fibrous septum	sides of the tongue		hypoglossal nerve
	inferior longitudinal	root of the tongue	apex of the tongue		Hypoglossal nerve

Soft palate	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	levator veli palatini	temporal bone, Eustachian tube	palatine aponeurosis	facial artery	vagus nerve	elevates soft palate
	tensor veli palatini	medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone	palatine aponeurosis		medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve	tension of the soft palate
	musculus uvulae	hard palate	palatine aponeurosis		pharyngeal plexus
	palatoglossus	palatine aponeurosis	tongue		vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve	raising the back part of the tongue
	palatopharyngeus	palatine aponeurosis and hard palate	Upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers)	Facial artery	vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve	pulls pharynx and larynx

Pharynx	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	Pharyngeal constrictor inferior	cricoid and thyroid cartilage	pharyngeal raphe		external laryngeal branch of the vagus	Swallowing
	Pharyngeal constrictor middle	hyoid bone	pharyngeal raphe		Vagus nerve	Swallowing
	Pharyngeal constrictor superior	medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process	pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle		Vagus nerve	Swallowing
	stylopharyngeus	Styloid process (temporal)	thyroid cartilage (pharynx)		glossopharyngeal nerve	elevate the larynx, elevate the pharynx, swallowing
	salpingopharyngeus	cartilage of the Eustachian tube	posterior fasciculus of the pharyngopalatinus muscle		vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve	raise the nasopharynx

Larynx	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	cricothyroid	Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage	Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage		external laryngeal branch of the vagus	tension and elongation of the vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)
	Cricoarytenoid posterior	posterior part of the cricoid	muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage		recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus	abducts and laterally rotates the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments away from the midline and forward and so opening the rima glottidis	Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
	Cricoarytenoid lateral	lateral part of the arch of the cricoid	muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage		recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus	adduct and medially rotate the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments towards the midline and backwards and so closing off the rima glottidis
	arytenoid	Arytenoid cartilage on one side	Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side		recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus	approximate the arytenoid cartilages (close rima glottidis)
	thyroarytenoid	Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage (anterior aspect)	Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage		recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus	thickens the vocal folds and decreases length; also helps helps to adduct the vocal folds during speech

The Neck
Cervical	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	platysma	inferior clavicle and fascia of chest	mandible		cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)	Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck superiorly when teeth are clenched	Masseter, Temporalis
	sternocleidomastoid	manubrium sterni, medial portion of the clavicle	mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line	occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery	motor: accessory nerve	Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side.
					sensory: cervical plexus
						Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration.

Suprahyoid	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	digastric	anterior belly - digastric fossa (mandible); posterior belly - mastoid process of temporal bone	Intermediate tendon (hyoid bone)		anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve (CN VII)	Opens the jaw when the masseter and the temporalis are relaxed.
	stylohyoid	styloid process (temporal)	greater cornu of hyoid bone		facial nerve (CN VII)	Elevate the hyoid during swallowing
	mylohyoid	Mylohyoid line (mandible)	Median raphé	mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery	mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3]	Raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible
	geniohyoid	Symphysis menti	hyoid bone		C1 via hypoglossal nerve	carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition

Infrahyoid/Strap	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	sternohyoid	manubrium of sternum	hyoid bone		ansa cervicalis	depress hyoid bone
	sternothyroid	manubrium	thyroid cartilage		Ansa cervicalis	Elevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoid bone
	thyrohyoid	thyroid cartilage	hyoid bone		first cervical nerve	depress hyoid bone
	omohyoid	Upper border of the scapula	Hyoid bone		Ansa cervicalis	Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Carries hyoid bone backward and to the side

Vertebral Anterior	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	longus colli	Transverse processes of C-3 - C-6	Inferior surface of the occipital bone		C2, C3, C4, C5, C6	Flexes the neck and head
	longus capitis	anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae	basilar part of the occipital bone		C1, C2, C3/C4	flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
	rectus capitis anterior	atlas	occipital bone		C1	flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
	rectus capitis lateralis	upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas	under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone		C1	Sidebend at atlanto-occipital joint

Vertebral Lateral	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	scalene	cervical vertebrae (C2-C7)	first and second ribs	Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)	cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7	elevation of ribs I&II
	scalene anterior	C3-C6	first rib	Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)	ventral ramus of C5, C6
	scalene medius	C2-C6	first rib	Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)	Ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves	Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side
	scalene posterior	transverse processes of C4 - C6	2nd rib	Ascending cervical artery, superficial cervical artery	C6, C7, C8	Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side

Muscles of torso
Back	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	splenius capitis	Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T6	Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone		C3, C4	Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head
	splenius cervicis	spinous processes of T3-T6	transverse processes of C1, C2, C3		C5, C6
	erector spinae	on the spines of the last four thoracic vertebræ	both the spines of the most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae	lateral sacral artery	posterior branch of spinal nerve	extends the vertebral column	Rectus abdominis muscle
	iliocostalis		lateral sacral artery
	longissimus	transverse process	transverse process	lateral sacral artery	posterior branch of spinal nerve		Rectus abdominis muscle
	spinalis	spinous process	spinous process	lateral sacral artery	posterior branch of spinal nerve		Rectus abdominis muscle
	latissimus dorsi	spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs	floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus	subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery	thoracodorsal nerve	pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally	deltoid, trapezius
	transversospinales	transverse process	spinous process		posterior branches
	semispinalis dorsi	transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ	spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae
	semispinalis cervicis	transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ	cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth
	Semispinalis capitis	Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna	Area between superior and inferior nuchal line		Greater occipital nerve	Extend the head
	multifidus	Sacrum, Erector spinae Aponeurosis, PSIS, and Iliac crest	spinous process		Posterior branches	Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
	rotatores	transverse process	spinous process		posterior branch
	interspinales	Spinous process	Spinous process		Posterior rami of spinal nerves	Extension, flexion and rotation of vertebral column.
	intertransversarii	Transverse process	Transverse process above		Anterior rami of spinal nerves	Lateral flexion of trunk

Suboccipital	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	Rectus capitis posterior major	Spinous process of the axis (C2)	Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone		Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
	Rectus capitis posterior minor	the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas	the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum		a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve	extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle
	obliquus capitis inferior	spinous process of the axis	lateral mass of atlas		suboccipital nerve
	obliquus capitis superior	lateral mass of atlas	lateral half of the inferior nuchal line		suboccipital nerve

Chest	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	intercostales	ribs 1-11	ribs 2-12	intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves
	intercostales external			intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves	Inhalation	internal
	intercostales internal	rib - inferior border	rib - superior border	intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves	hold ribs steady	external
	intercostales innermost			intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves
	subcostales	inner surface of one rib	inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle		intercostal nerves
	transversus thoracis	costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process	ribs/costal cartilages 2-6	intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves	depresses ribs
	levatores costarum	Transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae	Superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae		dorsal rami - C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11	Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage
	serratus anterior inferior	vertebrae T11 - L3	the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs	intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves	depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration
	serratus anterior superior	nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7 through T3	the upper borders of the 2nd through 5th ribs	intercostal arteries	2nd through 5th intercostal nerves	elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration
	diaphragm			Pericardiacophrenic artery, Musculophrenic artery, Inferior phrenic arteries	phrenic and lower intercostal nerves	respiration

Abdomen	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	external oblique	Lower 8 costae	Crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale		intercostal nerves T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12)	Rotates torso
	internal oblique	Inguinal ligament, Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia	Linea alba, Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs.		intercostal nerves T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve	Compresses abdomen and rotates vertebral column.
	transversus abdominis	ribs and the iliac crest	inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis		intercostal nerves T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve	compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability
	rectus abdominis	pubis	Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum	inferior epigastric artery	segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12)	flexion of trunk/lumbar vertebrae	Erector spinae
	pyramidalis	pubic symphysis and pubic crest	linea alba		Subcostal nerve (T12)	tensing the linea alba
	cremaster	inguinal ligament		Cremasteric artery	genital branch of genitofemoral nerve	raise and lower the scrotum
	quadratus lumborum	iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament	Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae	Lumbar arteries, Iliolumbar artery	Anterior branches of T12, L1, L2, L3, L4	Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage

Pelvis	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	levator ani iliococcygeus	ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia	coccyx and anococcygeal raphe		levator ani nerve (S4) inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus	supports the viscera in pelvic cavity
	levator ani pubococcygeus	back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia	coccyx and sacrum		levator ani nerve (S4) inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus	controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm
	puborectalis	lower part of the pubic symphysis			S3, S4. levator ani nerve	inhibit defecation
	coccygeus	Sacrospinous ligament			sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4	closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis

Perineum	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	sphincter ani externus				S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve	keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces
	sphincter ani internus				pudendal nerve	keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces
	superficial perineal pouch: transversus perinei superficialis	anterior part of ischial tuberosity	central point of perineum		pudendal nerve
	superficial perineal pouch: bulbospongiosus	Median raphé		Perineal artery	pudendal nerve	in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina
	superficial perineal pouch: ischiocavernosus			Perineal artery	pudendal nerve	assists the bulbospongiosus muscle
	deep perineal pouch: transversus perinei profundus	inferior rami of the ischium	its fellow of the opposite side	pudendal nerve
	deep perineal pouch: sphincter urethrae membranaceae	junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm., and from the neighboring fasciæ	its fellow of the opposite side		perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)	Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence

Muscles of upper limbs
Vertebral column	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	trapezius	down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the medial part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12	at the shoulders, into the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process and into the spine of the scapula	transverse cervical artery	major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle	Descending (superior) part elevates; ascending (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly	Serratus anterior muscle
	latissimus dorsi	spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs	floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus	subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery	thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)	pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally	deltoid, trapezius
	rhomboid major	spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae	medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle	dorsal scapular artery	dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)	Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.	Serratus anterior muscle
	rhomboid minor	nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae	medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle	dorsal scapular artery	dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)	Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.	Serratus anterior muscle
	levator scapulae	Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae	Superior part of medial border of scapula	dorsal scapular artery	cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)	Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Thoracic walls	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	pectoralis major	anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages	intertubercular groove of the humerus	pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk	lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve. Clavicular head: C5 and C6. Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1	Clavicular head: flexes the humerus. Sternocostal head: extends the humerus. As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
	pectoralis minor	3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages	medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula	Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk	Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)	stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
	subclavius	first rib	subclavian groove of clavicle	thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch	nerve to subclavius	depression of clavicle
	serratus anterior	fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs	costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula	lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part)	long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7)	protract and stabilize scapula, assists in upward rotation	Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Trapezius

Shoulder	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	deltoid	clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula	deltoid tuberosity of humerus	primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery	Axillary nerve	shoulder abduction, flexion and extension	Latissimus dorsi
	teres major	posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula	medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus	Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries	Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6)	Internal rotation of the humerus
	Rotator cuff: supraspinatus	supraspinous fossa of scapula	superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus	suprascapular artery	suprascapular nerve	abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus	infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi
	Rotator cuff: infraspinatus	infraspinous fossa of the scapula	middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus	suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries	suprascapular nerve	Lateral rotation of arm & Adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus	subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi
	Rotator cuff: teres minor	lateral border of the scapula	inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus	posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery	axillary nerve	laterally rotates and adducts the arm	subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi
	Rotator cuff: subscapularis	subscapular fossa	lesser tubercle of humerus	subscapular artery	upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)	rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder	infraspinatus and teres minor

Arm: Anterior compartment	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	coracobrachialis	coracoid process of scapula	medial humerus	brachial artery	musculocutaneous nerve	flexes & adducts humerus
	biceps brachii	short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle	radial tuberosity	brachial artery	Musculocutaneous nerve (Lateral cord: C5, C6, C7)	flexes elbow and supinates forearm	Triceps brachii muscle
	brachialis	anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone	coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna	radial recurrent artery	musculocutaneous nerve	flexion at elbow joint

Arm: Posterior compartment	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	triceps brachii	long head: scapula lateral head: posterior humerus medial head: posterior humerus	olecranon process of ulna	Profunda brachii	radial nerve	extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder	Biceps brachii muscle
	anconeus	Lateral epicondyle of the humerus	lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna	Profunda brachii, recurrent interosseous artery	radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)	partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. Stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation.

Forearm: Anterior compartment, superficial	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	pronator teres	humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon). ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna	radius	ulnar artery and radial artery	median nerve	pronation of forearm, flexes elbow	Supinator muscle
	flexor carpi radialis	medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)	Bases of second and third metacarpal bones	ulnar artery	Median nerve	Flexion and abduction at wrist	Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
	palmaris longus	medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)	palmar aponeurosis	ulnar artery	median nerve	wrist flexor	Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris
	flexor carpi ulnaris	medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon)	pisiform	ulnar artery	muscular branches of ulnar nerve	flexion and adduction of wrist	Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
	flexor digitorum superficialis	medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), as well as parts of the radius and ulna.	phalanges	ulnar artery	median nerve	flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)	Extensor digitorum muscle

Forearm: Anterior compartment, deep	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	pronator quadratus	medial, anterior surface of the ulna	lateral, anterior surface of the radius	anterior interosseous artery	median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)	pronates the forearm	Supinator muscle
	flexor digitorum profundus	ulna	distal phalanges	anterior interosseous artery	median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar	flex hand, interphalangeal joints	Extensor digitorum muscle
	flexor pollicis longus	The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.)	The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb	Anterior interosseous artery	Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1)	Flexion of the thumb	Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle

Forearm: Posterior compartment, superficial	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	brachioradialis	Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus	Distal radius (Radial styloid process)	radial recurrent artery	radial nerve	Flexion of forearm
	extensor carpi radialis longus	lateral supracondylar ridge	2nd metacarpal	radial artery	radial nerve	extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist	Flexor carpi radialis muscle
	extensor carpi radialis brevis	humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)	base of the 3rd metacarpal	radial artery	deep branch of the radial nerve	extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint	Flexor carpi radialis muscle
	extensor digitorum	lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)	2nd through 5th phalanges	interosseous recurrent artery and posterior interosseous artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extension of hand and fingers	Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
	extensor digiti minimi	the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon)	extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side	posterior interosseous artery which originates from the common interosseous artery and more proximally, the ulnar artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extends the little finger at all joints	Flexor digiti minimi brevis
	extensor carpi ulnaris	Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna	5th metacarpal	ulnar artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extends and adducts the wrist	Flexor carpi ulnaris

Forearm: Posterior compartment, deep	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	supinator	Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament	Lateral proximal radial shaft	radial recurrent artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	supinates forearm	Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus
	abductor pollicis longus	ulna, radial styloid process	first metacarpal	posterior interosseous artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	abduction, extension of thumb	Adductor pollicis muscle
	extensor pollicis brevis	radius	thumb, proximal phalanx	posterior interosseous artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint	Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
	extensor pollicis longus	ulna	thumb, distal phalanx		posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)	Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
	extensor indicis	ulna	index finger (extensor hood)		posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extends index finger, wrist

Hand: Lateral volar, thenar	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	opponens pollicis	trapezium and transverse carpal ligament	metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side		median nerve	Opposition of the thumb
	flexor pollicis brevis	trapezoid, flexor retinaculum	thumb, proximal phalanx		median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)	Flexion of thumb	Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle
	abductor pollicis brevis	Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium	Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors		Median nerve	Abduction of thumb	Adductor pollicis muscle
	adductor pollicis	Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal. Oblique head: bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones	medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid		deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)	adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint	Abductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

Hand: Medial volar, hypothenar	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	palmaris brevis	flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis	palm		superficial branch of ulnar nerve	wrinkle skin of palm
	abductor digiti minimi	pisiform	base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side	ulnar artery	deep branch of ulnar nerve	Abduction of little finger
	flexor digiti minimi brevis	hamate bone	little finger	ulnar artery	deep branch of ulnar nerve	flexes little finger	Extensor digiti minimi muscle
	opponens digiti minimi	Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum	Medial border of 5th metacarpal	ulnar artery	deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)	Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb

Hand: Intermediate	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	lumbrical	flexor digitorum profundus	extensor expansion	superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery	deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve	flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
	dorsal interossei	metacarpals	proximal phalanges	Dorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery	deep branch of ulnar nerve	abduct finger	Palmar interossei muscles
	palmar interossei	metacarpals	proximal phalange		deep branch of ulnar nerve	adduction

Muscles of lower limbs
Iliac region	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	Iliopsoas	iliac fossa (iliacus, sacrum (iliacus), spine (T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) & intervertebral discs (psoas major, psoas minor)	femur - lesser trochanter (psoas major/minor), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus)	medial femoral circumflex artery, iliolumbar artery	femoral nerve, Lumbar nerves L1, L2	flexion of hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor)	Gluteus maximus, posterior compartment of thigh
	Iliopsoas: psoas major	lower spine	in the lesser trochanter of the femur	Iliolumbar artery	Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3	flexes and rotates laterally thigh	Gluteus maximus
	Iliopsoas: psoas minor	Side of T12+L1 and IV Disc between	Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence		L1	Weak trunk flexor	Gluteus maximus
	Iliopsoas: iliacus	iliac fossa	lesser trochanter of femur	medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery	femoral nerve (L2, L3)	flexes and rotates laterally thigh	Gluteus maximus

Buttocks	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	gluteus maximus muscle	Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament	Gluteal tuberosity of the femur, iliotibial tract	superior and inferior gluteal arteries	inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)	external rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting	Iliacus, Psoas major, Psoas minor
	gluteus medius muscle	Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus	Greater trochanter of the femur	superior gluteal artery	superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)	abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.	lateral rotator group
	minimus	Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius.	Greater trochanter of the femur	superior gluteal artery	superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)	Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.	lateral rotator group
	tensor fasciae latae	iliac crest	iliotibial tract	primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, Superior gluteal artery	Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)	Thigh - flexion, medial rotation. Trunk stabilization.
	lateral rotator group:	at or below the acetabulum of the ilium	on or near the greater trochanter of the femur	Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery	Obturator nerve, nerve to the Piriformis, nerve to quadratus femoris	lateral rotation of hip	Gluteus minimus muscle, Gluteus medius muscle
	piriformis	sacrum	greater trochanter	Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery	nerve to the Piriformis (S1 and S2 nerve roots)	rotate laterally (outward) the thigh
	obturator externus	obturator foramen and obturatory membrane	medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur	obturator artery	posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4)	adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh
	obturator internus	Ischiopubic ramus & obturator membrane	medial aspect of the Greater trochanter		Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)	Abducts & rotates laterally thigh, and stabiliser of the hip during walking
	inferior gemellus	Ischial tuberosity	Obturator internus tendon		Nerve to Quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)	Rotates laterally thigh
	superior gemellus	spine of the ischium	Obturator internus tendon		Sacral plexus (S1, S2, S3)	Rotates laterally thigh
	quadratus femoris	Ischial tuberosity	Intertrochanteric crest	Inferior gluteal artery	Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, -S1)	lateral rotation of thigh

Thigh: anterior compartment	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	sartorius	superior to the anterior superior iliac spine	medial side of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus	femoral artery	femoral nerve	flexion, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg
	quadriceps femoris	combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles	Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament	femoral artery	Femoral nerve	Knee extension; Hip flexion (R.Fem. only)	Hamstring
	quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris	anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum	Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament	femoral artery	femoral nerve	knee extension; hip flexion	Hamstring
	quadriceps femoris: vastus lateralis	Greater trochanter, Intertrochanteric line, and Linea aspera of the Femur	Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament	femoral artery	femoral nerve	Extends and stabilizes knee	Hamstring
	quadriceps femoris: vastus intermedius	antero/ lateral femur	Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament	femoral artery	femoral nerve	extends knee	Hamstring
	quadriceps femoris: vastus medialis	femur	Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament	femoral artery	femoral nerve	extends knee	Hamstring
	articularis genu	femur	suprapatellar bursa	femoral artery	femoral nerve	Pulling the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee.

Thigh: posterior compartment/hamstring	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	biceps femoris	tuberosity of the ischium, linea aspera, femur	the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle	inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery	long head: tibial nerve, short head: common peroneal nerve	flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)	Quadriceps muscle
	semitendinosus	tuberosity of the ischium	pes anserinus	inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries	sciatic (tibial, L5, S1, S2)	flex knee, extend hip joint	Quadriceps muscle
	semimembranosus	Ischial tuberosity	Medial surface of tibia	profunda femoris, gluteal artery	sciatic nerve	Hip extension, Knee flexion	Quadriceps muscle

Thigh: medial compartment	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	gracilis	ischiopubic ramus	tibia (pes anserinus)	medial femoral circumflex artery	anterior branch of obturator nerve	flexes hip, knee
	pectineus	pubis - superior pubic ramus	Lesser trochanter, linea aspera	Obturator artery	Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve	Thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation
	adductor brevis	anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis	the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur	Obturator artery	obturator nerve	adduction of hip
	adductor longus	pubic body just below the pubic crest	middle third of linea aspera	obturator artery	anterior branch of obturator nerve	adduction of thigh
	adductor magnus	pubis, tuberosity of the ischium	femur	Obturator artery	posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and sciatic nerve (hamstring)	adduction of hip

Leg: anterior compartment	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	tibialis anterior	body of tibia	medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot	anterior tibial artery	Deep Fibular (peroneal) nerve	dorsiflex and invert the foot	Fibularis longus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior
	extensor hallucis longus	middle portion of the fibula on the anterior surface and the interosseous membrane	dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the Hallux	anterior tibial artery	peroneal nerve	Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak invertor	Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor hallucis brevis
	extensor digitorum longus	Lateral Condyle of tibia and superior ¾ of interosseous membrane	Middle and Distal phalanges of lateral four digits	anterior tibial artery	peroneal nerve	extension of toes and ankle	Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis
	fibularis tertius	distal anterior surface of the fibula	dorsal surface of metatarsal 5	anterior tibial artery	deep fibular nerve	dorsi flexes and everts foot

Leg: posterior compartment, superficial	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	triceps surae		achilles tendon, calcaneus	posterior tibial artery	tibial nerve	plantarflexion
	gastrocnemius	femur	calcaneus	sural arteries	tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2	plantarflexion, flexion of knee (minor)	Tibialis anterior muscle
	soleus	fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)	tendo calcaneus	sural arteries	tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2	plantarflexion	Tibialis anterior muscle
	plantaris	Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius	Tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)	sural arteries	tibial nerve	Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee	Tibialis anterior muscle

Leg: posterior compartment, deep	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	popliteus	middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle	posterior tibia under the tibial condyles	popliteal artery	tibial nerve	Medial rotation and flexion of knee
	flexor hallucis longus	fibula, posterior aspect of upper 1/3	base of distal phalanx of hallux	Peroneal artery (peroneal branch of the posterior tibial artery	tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots	flexes all joints of the Hallux, plantar flexion of the ankle joint	Extensor hallucis longus muscle
	flexor digitorum longus	medial tibia	distal phalanges of lateral four digits	posterior tibial artery	Tibial nerve	Primary action is Flex digits	Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor digitorum brevis
	tibialis posterior	tibia, fibula	navicular, medial cuneiform	posterior tibial artery	tibial nerve	inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle	Tibialis anterior muscle

Leg: lateral compartment	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	Fibularis longus	fibula	first metatarsal, medial cuneiform	fibular (peroneal) artery	superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve	plantarflexion, eversion	Tibialis anterior muscle
	Fibularis brevis	fibula	fifth metatarsal	fibular (peroneal) artery	superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve	plantarflexion, eversion

Foot: dorsal	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	extensor digitorum brevis	calcaneus	toes		deep peroneal nerve	extends digits 2, 3, and 4	Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis
	extensor hallucis brevis	calcaneus	base of proximal phalanx of hallux		deep peroneal nerve	Extension of hallux	Flexor hallucis brevis muscle

Foot: plantar, 1st layer	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	abductor hallucis	medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis	medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit		plantar nerve	abducts hallux	Adductor hallucis muscle
	flexor digitorum brevis	medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa	middle phalanges of digits 2-5		plantar nerve	flexes lateral four toes	Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor digitorum brevis
	abductor digiti minimi	Plantar aponeurosis	Fifth toe or Phalanges	lateral plantar artery	lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)	flex and abduct the fifth toe	Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle

Foot: plantar, 2nd layer	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	quadratus plantae	Calcaneus	Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus		lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)	Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints
	lumbrical muscle	tendons of flexor digitorum longus	medial aspect of extensor expansion over lateral four digits		plantar nerve	flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Foot: plantar, 3rd layer	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	flexor hallucis brevis				medial plantar nerve	flex hallux	Extensor hallucis longus muscle
	adductor hallucis				plantar nerve	adducts hallux	Abductor hallucis muscle
	flexor digiti minimi brevis	fifth metatarsal bone	phalanx of the fifth toe		plantar nerve	flex and adduct the fifth toe	Abductor digiti minimi muscle

Foot: plantar, 4th layer	Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
	dorsal interossei				plantar nerve	abduct toes	Plantar interossei muscles
	plantar interossei	metatarsals	proximal phalanges		plantar nerve	adduct toes	Dorsal interossei of the foot